Hankalin makirufo

Hankalin makirifo shine martanin lantarki na fitowar sa zuwa madaidaicin shigar da sauti.Daidaitaccen siginar shigar da bayanai da aka yi amfani da shi don ma'aunin hankali na makirufo shine matakin matsin sauti na 94dB (SPL) ko 1 kHz sine wave a 1 Pa (Pa, ma'aunin matsa lamba).Don ƙayyadadden shigar da sauti, amakirufotare da ƙimar hankali mafi girma yana da matakin fitarwa mafi girma fiye da makirufo tare da ƙananan ƙimar hankali.Haɓakar makirufo (wanda aka bayyana a dB) yawanci mara kyau ne, don haka mafi girman hankali, ƙarami cikakkiyar ƙimarsa.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da raka'o'in da aka bayyana ƙayyadaddun ƙwarewar makirufo.Idan ba a kayyade hankalin makirufonin biyu a cikin naúrar ɗaya ba, kwatancen ma'aunin hankali kai tsaye bai dace ba.Ana ƙididdige hankalin makirufo analog a dBV, adadin dB dangane da 1.0 V rms.Ana ƙididdige ƙimar makirufo na dijital a cikin dBFS, wanda shine adadin dB dangane da cikakken ma'aunin fitarwa na dijital (FS).Don makirufonin dijital, sigina cikakke shine matakin sigina mafi girma da makirufo zai iya fitarwa;don na'urorin Analog MEMS microphones, wannan matakin shine 120 dBSPL.Duba Matsakaicin Sashin shigarwar Acoustic don ƙarin cikakken bayanin wannan matakin siginar.
Hankali yana nufin rabon matsi na shigarwa zuwa fitarwar lantarki (voltage ko dijital).Don makirufonin analog, yawanci ana auna hankali a cikin mV/Pa, kuma ana iya canza sakamakon zuwa ƙimar dB ta:
Mafi girman hankali ba koyaushe yana nufin ingantaccen aikin makirufo ba.Mafi girman ƙarfin makirifo, ƙarancin tazara yakan samu tsakanin matakin fitarwa da matsakaicin matakin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun (kamar magana, da sauransu).A aikace-aikace na kusa (kusa da magana), makirufo mai mahimmanci na iya zama mai saurin jurewa, wanda sau da yawa yana rage yawan ƙarfin makirufo gaba ɗaya.